BIOSECURITY AND BIOSAFETY MEASURES IN ONE HEALTH.

Biosecurity consists of strategic, preventive measures designed to stop the introduction, establishment, and spread of infectious agents and biological hazards across human, animal, agricultural, and environmental domains. Operating at critical entry points like farms, markets, laboratories, and national borders, biosecurity focuses on early risk reduction rather than reactive outbreak management. In agriculture, it protects livestock productivity and reduces antimicrobial reliance through quarantine and disinfection protocols. In public health, it prevents zoonotic and foodborne diseases, while laboratory biosecurity ensures the secure handling and containment of dangerous pathogens. Environmental biosecurity further monitors ecosystems to prevent wildlife pathogen spillover. Despite facing modern implementation challenges such as resource constraints and weak regulatory enforcement in low- and middle-income regions, robust biosecurity systems remain a vital priority. They are foundational for global health security, economic stability, food safety, and long-term sustainable development in our interconnected world.